Introduction This is a movement disorder that results from a non-progressive lesion of motor pathways. Although the lesion does not progress, the symptoms appear gradually, as the child does not develop along normal trends-...
Cerebral Palsy
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Chromosomal Abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities are a very common cause of spontaneous miscarriage. Most commonly a child with a chromosomal abnormality will not survive to birth. However, there are many cases where the child will survive, although...
Coarctation of the aorta
Introduction Coarctation of the aorta – L-to-R shunt – ACYANOTIC Accounts for up to 10% of congential heart defects Male:female ratio is 2:1 Affects 10-20% of patients with Turner’s Syndrome Almost always affects the...
Common Fractures and Dislocations in Children
Fracture of the clavicle Can occur after a fall on an outstretched arm (more likely to cause a Colles’ fracture in the old). Collar and cuff sling for 3 weeks, internal fixation only if...
Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease
Congenital cyanotic heart disease – aka blue baby syndrome accounts for about 25% of all congenital heart defects Causes There are lots more! In the exam, you might be asked to examine a child, and...
Congenital Heart Disease
Introduction Cardiac abnormalities in children are predominantly congenital. There are a wide range of diseases that can be classified as congenital heart diseases, some of which are life-threatening, whilst other are so minor they...
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Introduction Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting inherited disease in Caucasians. It is caused by a genetic mutation that alters mucus production, resulting in a more viscous solution. It is autosomal recessive. Life...
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