Indications Change of Bowel habit – constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus Rectal bleeding Perianal symptoms e.g. pain/itching/discharge Urinary symptoms in men (for BPH) Assessment of anal tone in neurological exam       ...
PR exam
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Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia
Introduction Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are different stages of the same condition. Pre-eclampsia can result in eclampsia at any time. Eclampsia is immediately life-threatening and often symptomatic. Pre-eclampsia is a condition characterised by increased blood...
Pregnant Abdomen Exam
Introduction Introduce yourself to the patient and explain the procedure. Use a chaperone. Ask the patient to expose her abdomen. You need to expose her down to the hairline to be able to fell...
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Introduction Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in the fibrosis and destruction of intra-hepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. This can lead to cholestasis, hypertension and liver failure. Epidemiology 75%...
Propofol
Introduction Propofol is a drug widely used for sedation and general anaesthesia. It also gained notoriety for its involvement in the death of Michael Jackson. It usually comes in a solution of 200mg in...
Proptosis
Orbital cellulitis Ophthalmic emergency, infection of soft tissues behind orbital septum extension of infection from periorbital structures (ethmoid sinusitis), face, globe, lacrimal sac or dental infection direct inoculation of orbit from trauma haematogenous spread...
Prostate Cancer
Introduction By the age of 80, >80% of men have prostate cancer It is the second most common cancer in men, and the 4th most common cause of death for men in England and Wales....
Prostatitis
Introduction Prostatitis refers to inflammation of the prostate, most commonly a result of infection (either UTI or STI). Prostatitis affects up to 15% of men at some point in the lives. We can divide...
Proximal Tubule Diuretics
Proximal tubule diuretics e.g. acetazolidamide These drugs are carbonic anyhrdrase blockers. Some sodium is reabsorbed in conjunction with hydrogen. This process relies on the carbonic anhydrase to catalyse the reaction of hydrogen with bicarbonate...
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