Postural Hypotension (Orthostatic Hypotension)
Postural Hypotension is a symptom, not a condition. This is colloquially known as a ‘head rush’ or ‘dizzy spell’, and is unsteadiness or LOC on standing from lying in those…
Potassium
The Basics 98% is intracellular Serum range 3.5 – 5 mmol/L K+ and H+ tend to vary together Most body secretion is in urine – from distal tubules Shifts K+…
Pulse Oximetry
Introduction Pulse Oximetry is a way of measuring the oxygen level in the blood. It is a measure of oxygenation but not a measure of ventilation Oxygenation – the ability…
PUO – Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
Introduction This is also sometimes called fever of unknown origin (FUO) It is strictly defined as: Temperature greater than 38.3’ Duration of longer than 3 weeks During which time there…
Rhabdomyolysis
Introduction Rhabdomyolysis is the result of breakdown of muscle tissue, with the subsequent release of muscle products into the bloodstream. Aetiology Causes Trauma – most common Prolonged immobilisation Drug reactions…
Sepsis and SIRS
Definitions Before discussing SIRS along with the various sepsis syndromes, it is important to understand some basic definitions. Infection: This is the inflammatory response initiated by the presence of a…
Serotonin Syndrome
Introduction Serotonin syndrome is an iatrogenic (caused by medical intervention) syndrome, that results from excess serotonin levels in the central and peripheral nervous system, typically as the result of the…
Sodium and Hyponatraemia
Introduction Sodium levels are very closely linked to fluid levels, as sodium is an extracellular electrolyte. As opposed to potassium which is intracellular. Hyponatraemia is commonly seen both in the…
Status Epilepticus
Definition Tonic Clonic Seizure lasting > 5 minutes, OR Two or more seizures without full recovery (GCS = 15) in between (over any time period, usually within an hour or so)…
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
The term Supraventricular Tachycardia can be used to refer to any tachycardia arising from above the bundle of His, although in clinical practice it usually refers to an AV node…