The term 'AVM' can be applied to arteriovenous malformations anywhere in the body, but most commonly refers to the abnormalities found in the brain. AVMs are said to be present…
Introduction A cerebral Aneurysm is a localised dilation of an artery within the brain. They rarely occur in veins. They are a major risk factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage. Aneurysms can…
Comparison of Intracranial Haemorrhage Feature Subarachnoid Subdural Extradural Location The inner most layer around the brain tissue Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater The outermost layer, between the skull…
Extradural Haemorrhage aka Epidural Haematoma Blood collects between the dura mater and the bone of the skull. The dura is stripped away from the skull – indicating a high pressure…
Physiology and anatomy The spinal cord runs from C1 (junction with the medulla), to about L1, where it becomes the cauda equina. Note that it terminates lower down in children…
Introduction A subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) describes bleeding in the brain into the subarachnoid space. A subarachnoid haemorrhage is considered a type of hemorrhagic stroke. The bleeding occurs as the result…
Introduction A subdural haematoma is a collection of blood between the arachnoid and dura mater. It can be acute, chronic, or acute on chronic. Most cases are chronic, and occur…
Introduction Venous Sinus Syndrome (aka Cavernous sinus syndrome) is an umbrella term for resultant signs due to various causes affecting the cavernous sinus. The most common and clinically significant of…