Introduction ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) e.g. ramipril, perindopril, enalapril, lisinopril, captopril are commonly used medications to treat hypertension and heart failure - they are considered first line agents in both…
Indication and dose Amiodarone is an anti-arrhythmic drug. Used particularly when other drugs have been ineffective or contra-indicated. It is most commonly used in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, but…
Pain is a common problem, and it is essential that doctors know how to treat it. It is recognised that many psychosocial factors affect people’s perception of pain, in particular…
Introduction Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are usually used in hypertension, HF and post-MI, usually when an ACE-inhibitor has been ineffective or not tolerated. They are also used ot treat…
Histamine H1-receptor antagonists These are mostly effective against mast cell activated inflammatory reactions. In asthma, mast cells are involved in the early stages of the reaction, but their role is…
There are many classes of antibiotics. It is useful to know at least a handful of antibiotics, and what they are useful for. Below we attempt to summarise the main types…
Introduction These antibiotic guidelines are intended to give a basic overview of the types of antibiotic used to treat various kinds of infection. They should not be used as clinical guidelines.…
Anticholinergics (aka antimuscarinic agents) are usually inhaled, but can be given IV in hospital. They are used in respiratory conditions as adjuncts to steroids and β2 receptors agonists. It is also…
Introduction Anticoagulation ("blood-thinning") is a therapeutic mechanism used to reduce the risk of blood clots, or to treat already established blood clots for various indications, including; venous thromboembolism (for prevent…
Introduction Antiemetics are widely used on a daily basis both in and out of hospital. Nausea is a common symptom that you will be expected to manage appropriately, in much…