Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease
Congenital cyanotic heart disease – aka blue baby syndrome accounts for about 25% of all congenital heart defects Causes There are lots more! In the exam, you might be asked to…
Atrial septal defect
Congenital Heart Disease
Introduction Cardiac abnormalities in children are predominantly congenital. There are a wide range of diseases that can be classified as congenital heart diseases (CHD), some of which are life-threatening, whilst…
CABG - example of a single coronary artery bypass. Blausen.com staff (2014). 'Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014'. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. is licensed with CC BY 3.0
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Introduction Along with angioplasty this is the other coronary revascularisation technique used for the treatment of IHD (ischaemic heart disease). Indications Various studies have shown that high and medium risk…
Digital purpurea plant from which digoxin is derived
Digoxin
Introduction Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside, which is most commonly used in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. However, beta blockers and the dipyridamole calcium channel blockers are generally more effective,…
Renal physiology and mechanism of action of diuretics. Image by Haisook at English Wikipedia
Diuretics
Normal Control of Renal Function Overview Osmotic Diuretics Potassium Sparing Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics Loop Diuretics Proximal Tubule Diuretics
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
ECG Abnormalities
This article "ECG Abnormalities" is part of the almostadoctor ECG series. It provides information about the interpretation of ECGs. For a quick view of common ECG abnormalities see Summary of ECG…
Echocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Introduction Often just called an 'echo', echocardiography is ultrasound of the heart. It gives a reasonably accurate picture of the valves and chambers of the heart, and also gives an…
Exercise tolerance test
Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT)
Introduction Exercise tolerance test - aka Exercise ECG testing Used to: Confirm the diagnosis of angina Give an indication of the severity of CAD – thus allowing you to asses risk.…
Falling man
Falls
Introduction Falls are an incredibly common presentation. You will see them as GP referrals, A+E presentations, and countless times on the ward. Exactly how you examine and manage the patient…
Pitting Oedema
Heart Failure
Introduction Heart failure (also CCF - congestive cardiac failure) is a clinical syndrome which refers to a state of reduced cardiac output. Typically it is defined as: The inability of the heart…