Read more about the article Hip Examination
Gait Analysis. Image by University of Salford is marked with CC BY 2.0.

Hip Examination

  • Reading time:7 mins read

The hip is another ball and socket joint, but has reduced levels of movement compared to the shoulder. The joint’s main role is weight bearing. Inspection Ask the patient if…

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Read more about the article Knee Examination
Knee joint

Knee Examination

  • Reading time:13 mins read

Introduction Knee examination is an important clinical skill, and knee problems are a common presenting complaint to general practice and emergency departments. Knee examination is also a common OSCE station.…

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Read more about the article Marfan Syndrome
Hypermobility in Marfan Syndrome

Marfan Syndrome

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Introduction Marfan Syndrome (sometime Marfan’s Syndrome, MFS) is a genetic (autosomal dominant) connective tissue disorder. Marfan syndrome is the most common connective tissue disorder. It is associated with characteristic malformation…

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Read more about the article Mechanical Back Pain
Lumbar Vertebrae

Mechanical Back Pain

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Introduction Mechanical back pain (aka non-specific back pack, sometimes previously termed lumbago) is a term used to describe musculoskeletal lower back pain. It is extremely common, with about 80% of…

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Read more about the article Osteoarthritis – OA
Normal joint anatomy

Osteoarthritis – OA

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Introduction Osteoarthritis is a condition that results from the loss of cartilage at synovial joints, and is often accompanied by degeneration of the underlying bone. Radiologically there can be visible:…

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Read more about the article Psoriasis
Example of widespread psoriasis on a patient's back

Psoriasis

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Introduction Psoriasis is a a common chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterised by raised, red, itchy, scaly plaques on the skin. With treatment, it often follows a relapsing and remitting course,…

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Psoriatic Arthritis

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Introduction Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition which affects the skin and joints. It is sometimes referred to as one of the spondyloarthritides (inflammatory arthritis that is seronegative for rheumatoid factor…

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Reactive Arthritis

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Introduction Reactive arthritis is an acute form of spondyloarthritis associated with sexually transmitted infection (STI) and acute diarrhoea. It occurs shortly after the initial infection, although the reactive arthritis itself is…

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Introduction RA is a type of inflammatory arthritis. Other examples include seronegative spondyarthritides, reactive arthritis, lyme arthritis, crystal arthritis and postviral arthritis. Features of inflammatory arthritis Pain and stiffness worse…

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