Lichen sclerosus
Introduction Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a relatively common chronic, autoimmune skin disorder involving the anogenital region, particularly in women. In men, it was previously referred to balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO),…
Introduction Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a relatively common chronic, autoimmune skin disorder involving the anogenital region, particularly in women. In men, it was previously referred to balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO),…
Introduction Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system - and occurs when lymphocytes proliferate abnormally. Lymphoma be divided into two types; Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin…
Introduction Menopause is the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 Typical age is 51.5 Premature menopause is defined as menopause before…
Introduction Migraine is a common cause of headache affecting about 15% of individuals. Migraine headaches are typically unilateral, recurrent, and last anywhere up to 72 hours. It is more common…
Introduction Myasthenia Gravis is an acquired, autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. Antibodies attack the Acetylcholine receptor. This results weakness in muscles, particularly the ocular, bulbar and proximal skeletal. "Fatigability"…
Introduction Neonatal Jaundice is very common, with 60% of babies becoming jaundiced within the first week of life. It is however, often very worrying for parents, and for clinicians, the challenge…
Introduction Osteoarthritis is a condition that results from the loss of cartilage at synovial joints, and is often accompanied by degeneration of the underlying bone. Radiologically there can be visible:…
Introduction Osteoporosis means literally porous bone Refers to decreased bone density, which leads to an increase in fracture risk Risk factors Bone density declines with age Highest risk is in…
Introduction Along with osteoporosis, Paget disease of the bone (PDB) - aka osteitis deformans - is a common degenerative bone disease. It affects up to 5% of the population in Anglo-Saxon societies. PBD…
Summary Epidemiology Mean age of onset between 45-60 Prevalence is 0.5-1% of the over 60’s in the UK 2nd most common neurodegenerative disease (after Alzheimer's) Aetiology Parkinsonism is most commonly…