Comparison of Intracranial Haemorrhage Feature Subarachnoid Subdural Extradural Location The inner most layer around the brain tissue Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater The outermost layer, between the skull…
AMTS – Abbreviated Mental Test Score AMTS is a (very) quick way to assess confusion. It is used as a quick screening tool, usually on the hospital ward. Patient is…
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Overview Olfactory I Quick method – ask the patient if: They notice smells in the morning (e.g. coffee, toast) They notice smells that others do They think their sense of…
Introduction Stroke is a sudden onset of brain dysfunction, caused by an alteration in cerebrovascular blood supply. It is characterised by: Rapid, acute onset – within a few minutes Focal…
Introduction Dementia is a progressive global decline cognitive function, without impairment of consciousness. It is typically defined as a syndrome secondary to one or more of multiple causes, rather than a…
Tract Location of Upper Motor Neurons Destination Site of Crossover Action CORTICOSPINAL Corticobulbar Primary Motor Cortex (pyramidal cells) Cranial Nerves III – XII Brainstem Conscious Motor control of…
Introduction Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that is usually caused by an infection. The infection can be viral or bacterial in origin, but is most commonly viral. HSV…
Summary Definitions Seizure – spontaneous uncontrolled abnormal brain activity Epilepsy – a tendency to have seizures. Epilepsy is a symptom, and not a true condition. Epilepsy can be diagnosed after…
Extradural Haemorrhage aka Epidural Haematoma Blood collects between the dura mater and the bone of the skull. The dura is stripped away from the skull – indicating a high pressure…