Amblyopia
Overview Amblyopia is a condition whereby there is a reduction in visual acuity due to a problem with focussing in early childhood. This results in reduced acuity as the brain…
Overview Amblyopia is a condition whereby there is a reduction in visual acuity due to a problem with focussing in early childhood. This results in reduced acuity as the brain…
Introduction A cataract is an opacification of the lens of the eye. Cataracts tend to cause gradual loss of visual acuity, with normal pupillary response. Cataracts are the most common…
Introduction Dry eye is a common presenting complaint, especially in older patients. It affects 15-30% of people aged over 50. It is usually not indicative of any serious underlying disease,…
Introduction Enophthlamos refers to a posterior displacement of the eye ball within the eye socket. It is the opposite of exophthalmos - which refers to an anterior displacement of the eye ball…
Chalazion Granuloma of meibomian glands (reactions to accumulation of lipid following duct blockage) Initially a hard and inflamed lump in the lid, settles to leave a discrete lump, visible on…
Introduction Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) aka Temporal Arteritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the medium to large arteries which particularly affects the branches of the carotid artery. It presents with…
Introduction Definition of glaucoma – gradual death of the optic nerve often associated with high intraocular pressure. Increased intraocular pressure is usually due to an imbalance in aqueous humour production…
Introduction Macular degeneration (aka age-related maculopathy - ARM) is a condition that causes gradual visual loss, typically in older patients. It can be split into two types: Dry - atrophic Slow…
Orbital cellulitis Ophthalmic emergency, infection of soft tissues behind orbital septum extension of infection from periorbital structures (ethmoid sinusitis), face, globe, lacrimal sac or dental infection direct inoculation of orbit…
For a really good demonstration of how this works, see Eye simulator V2.0 Physiology There are two nerves involved in pupillary responses: Optic Nerve (II) – this is the afferent…