Introduction Abdominal artery ischaemia, also known as Ischaemic Bowel or Mesenteric Ischaemia, may be the result of several pathologies and can be acute or chronic. It most commonly presents as…
Summary of Abdominal Examination Introduce yourself, check right patient (name DOB, wrist-band) explain that you are going to perform an abdominal examination and what this will involve, and ask the…
Introduction An abdominal x-ray (AXR) is a commonly performed x-ray for some gastrointestinal presentations. Generally, its use is limited - many abdominal conditions are better diagnosed clinically, or with an…
Definitions An aneurysm is an artery that has a localised dilation, with a permanent diameter of >1.5x that expected of the particular artery. True Aneurysm – the wall of the…
Appendicitis is the most common indication for abdominal surgery in children. Appendicitis is acute inflammation of the appendix Epidemiology About 5% of the population will have appendicitis at some…
System to assess the fitness of patients before surgery Status 1: Healthy patient Status 2: Mild systemic disease Status 3: Severe systemic disease Status 4: Severe systemic disease that is…
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the second most common cause of death from cancer, after lung cancer. There are more published studies (on PubMed)…
Background Info Presentations of Breast Disease Lump Pain - Rare in breast cancer Asymmetry - Change in breast size – particularly related to the menstrual cycle Change in breast feature…
Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome is a relatively common disorder, which can be unilateral or bilateral, caused by compression of the median nerve at the level of the wrist, as it…
Introduction Cholangitis is inflammation of the bile duct. It is typically the results of a bacterial infection (often secondary to gallstones), but can also occur in other conditions, such as…