Gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Acute Cholecystitis This is caused by a blockage in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder (95% of cases are gallstones or gallstone precursor ‘sludge’) It is unlikely to…
Colorectal Cancer
Summary This article refers to cancer of the large bowel. Interestingly, the small bowel is a very rare site for carcinoma, despite the fact it has the highest cell turnover…
A fasciotomy being performed for compartment syndrome
Compartment Syndrome
Introduction Compartment syndrome is a condition that results from swelling of a muscle. The muscle is retained in its fixed volume fascia (its "compartment"), however, and thus the swelling of…
Complex regional pain syndrome - an image showing the swelling and redness sen in CPRS. This file is taken from wikimedia commons and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome – CRPS
Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or Sudeck atrophy) is a poorly understood condition which typically affects the extremities (arms and legs), causing severe pain, disability and…
Diverticulum
Diverticulitis
Summary What is diverticular disease? It is an acquired condition, in which there are small out-pouchings of the mucosa of the large intestine, known as diverticulae. Definitions Diverticulosis – the…
diarrhoea poop emoji
Faecal Incontinence
Introduction Occurs in 15% aged >65Y, increasing incidence with age in men only. Causes include: Sphincter weakness (following childbirth/surgery); Anal/rectal pathology e.g. fistulae, Crohn’s, proctitis; Neurological disease (chorda equine, pudendal nerve);…
Gallstones as seen after removal
Gallstones and Biliary Colic
Introduction Gallstones (cholelithiasis) refers to the formation of hard stones in the gallbladder - a process which typically takes years to occur. It is a very common phenomenon which affects about…
Stomach layers
Gastric Tumours
Introduction Unless otherwise stated, the article below refers to gastric adenocarcinoma The second most common cancer worldwide (behind lung cancer) Most common in South America and Japan (due to diet)…
Haemorrhoids. This file is taken from wikimedia commons and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Haemorrhoids and other anorectal disorders
Haemorrhoids Haemorrhoids are a swelling and inflammation of the veins in the rectum and anus. They are THE most common cause of rectal bleeding. They are extremely common in adults.…